That's a bit weird. You seem to have missed the point where Hodgson said the medical evidence suggested Sturridge could play and Hodgson wanted to test his resolve. And Sturridge was keen to play. So he played. Loads of players play when a bit injured, giving it a try to see how it goes. And now Hodgson has said "‘And I am delighted he did get out there, even though he maybe didn’t feel 100 per cent, because that means in future I will know I can trust him as an England player". It appears to have worked out well for Sturridge at an England level, which is what he was aiming for, so that answers all your questions about what was achieved.
As for being unable to play for your club afterwards, I already said that's worth the risk if a player is a guaranteed starter at his club when fit, which Sturridge is. He knows he can take that risk and it'll probably turn out ok in the end. All the top players are able to do this. Anyway, playing for England did no harm to Sturridge on a club level as his current injury is nothing at all to do with his slight thigh problem. Maybe you didn't know that.
